![\"\"](\"https:\/\/ska.iaa.csic.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ska-technology.jpg\")
Background, SKA artistic composition at night showing SKA-Mid and SKA-Low (Credits: SKA Observatory). Center, image of a Phased Array Feed (Credits: CSRIO). Lower left, world map of the SKA Regional Centres Network that will receive the data from the Science Data Pocessor (Credits: AENEAS)<\/p><\/div>\n
The construction and design of the SKA telescopes is an unprecedented technological challenge, involving more than 1000 scientists and engineers from more than 20 countries and 270 institutions across all continents. A total of 12 Spanish centres and 12 companies have participated in 8 of the 12 international SKA design consortia, from the beginning of the design phase until the closure of the design consortia once the System Critical Design Review was successfully passed (2013-2019): Dish, Central Signal Processor, Signal and Data Transport, Telescope Manager, Science Data Processor, Infrastructure Australia, Infrastructure South Africa and Phased Array Feeds. Participating institutions: Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC<\/a>), Fundacio\u0301n Centro de Supercomputacio\u0301n Castilla y Leo\u0301n (FCSCL, now SCAYLE<\/a>), Instituto de Astrofi\u0301sica de Andaluci\u0301a (IAA-CSIC<\/a>), Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE-CSIC<\/a>), Instituto de Fi\u0301sica de Cantabria (IFCA-CSIC\/UC<\/a>), Instituto Geogra\u0301fico Nacional (IGN-OAN<\/a>), Plataforma Solar de Almeri\u0301a (PSA-CIEMAT<\/a>), Univ. de Cantabria (UC<\/a>), Univ. de Granada (UGR<\/a>), Univ. Polite\u0301cnica de Madrid (UPM<\/a>), Univ. P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA<\/a>), and Univ. Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia (UPV<\/a>). Companies: Anteral<\/a>, Aora Solar Spain, Arraela<\/a>, CSP Sunless, Das Photonics<\/a>, GMV<\/a>, GTD<\/a>, iGrid-TD<\/a>, ISDEFE<\/a>, Seven Solutions<\/a>, Torresol Energy<\/a> y TTI Norte<\/a>.<\/p>\n The following technologies have been developed and applied to the SKA project by the aforementioned companies and institutions:<\/span><\/p>\n SKA construction began in July 2021, following its approval by the Observatory Council. This phase will last about 8 years and will be delivered in stages, each stage deploying a certain functionality as new arrays of antennas or Array Assemblies (AA) are integrated. The scientific community will begin to use these AA as they become operational, to carry out verifications not only for the instrument itself, but for the delivered scientific data. Science verification is foreseen to begin in 2026-2027. The Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities (MICIU) announced an initial contribution of 41.4 million euros for the first 10 years for the SKA construction and operations. In March 2023, the Spanish Council of Ministers approved Spain's accession to the intergovernmental organisation, which became effective in June of the same year. This allows Spanish industry to bid for the different telescope construction contracts, previously agreed between the SKAO Council and Spain, in different areas. These areas include signal synchronisation and distribution, the construction of the sub-reflectors for the SKA-Mid dish antennas and different elements for the Band 1 and Band 5 receivers. Up until 2024, the signal synchronisation and distribution and the Band 1 control electronic package contracts have already been awarded to two national companies, and another two have been granted operations contracts through a competitive process. The tendering process for the construction contract of the sub-reflectors has also begun and several companies have already sent proposals.<\/span><\/p>\n UTC Signal distribution system for SKA-Low and SKA-Mid<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li> Reverberation chamber for testing with SKA-Low<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.4.9″][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00bb4.4.9″][et_pb_video src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/haPaPQgzCLU\u00bb thumbnail_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0.6)\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.4.9″][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.4.9″]<\/p>\n Credits: SKA Observatory<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00bbsection\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb3.22″][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00bbrow\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb3.25″ background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00bb3.25″ custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbText\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.4.9″ background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb] Participaci\u00f3n en el dise\u00f1o y la construcci\u00f3n de SKA La construcci\u00f3n y el dise\u00f1o de los telescopios del SKA es un reto tecnol\u00f3gico sin precedentes, en el que trabajan conjuntamente m\u00e1s de 1000 cient\u00edficos e ingenieros de […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":" El IAA-CSIC ha participado en los consorcios internacionales encargados del dise\u00f1o de los elementos denominados Procesador Cient\u00edfico de Datos (SDP, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) e Infraestructuras (Sud\u00e1frica\/Australia). Asimismo, es miembro del consorcio internacional responsable del dise\u00f1o de los PAFs (Phased Array Feeds), parte del programa de instrumentaci\u00f3n avanzada del SKA.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_243\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"549\"] En el marco del Procesador Cient\u00edfico de Datos, ha contribuido al dise\u00f1o de los subsistemas del SKA Preservation and Delivery,<\/i> destacando su participaci\u00f3n en la exploraci\u00f3n de soluciones para los sistemas incluidos en la interfaz entre el Procesador Cient\u00edfico de Datos y los Centros Regionales de SKA, as\u00ed como en, la definici\u00f3n de los modelos de datos y la caracterizaci\u00f3n de los datos del SDP de forma que sean interoperable con los est\u00e1ndares Observatorio Virtual<\/a>.<\/p>\r\nEl IAA-CSIC contribuye al desarrollo de hardware para las antenas de tipo plato que compondr\u00e1n el SKA a frecuencias intermedias. En particular, participa en el dise\u00f1o del Phased Array Feeds (PAFs)<\/a>, parte del Programa de Instrumentaci\u00f3n Avanzada del SKA, centr\u00e1ndose en soluciones de refrigeraci\u00f3n criog\u00e9nicas de bajo coste, transfiriendo la experiencia adquirida durante el dise\u00f1o mec\u00e1nico y criog\u00e9nico del canal NIR (infrarrojo cercano) del instrumento CARMENES<\/a>.\r\n\n
Examples of Spanish industry participation \n in the SKA project<\/h2>\n
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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/ska-spain.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BSBF_IMPACT_SPAIN_2_page-0001-400x284.jpg\")
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/ska-spain.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BSBF_IMPACT_SPAIN_1_page-0001-400x284.jpg\")
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t![\"\"](\"http:\/\/ska.iaa.csic.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ska-technology.jpg\")
Composici\u00f3n art\u00edstica del SKA por la noche mostrando SKA mid y SKA low (cr\u00e9dito: SKA Organisation). En la parte central se muestra una imagen de un PAF (cr\u00e9dito: CSIRO). Abajo a la izquierda se muestra un mapa con la red formada por los Centros Regionales del SKA (cr\u00e9dito: proyecto AENEAS), los cuales recibir\u00e1n los datos del Procesador Cient\u00edfico de Datos.[\/caption]\r\n